Dr. Amre Moussa, Former Foreign Minister and Former Secretary General of the League of the Arab States, Arab Republic of Egypt, started his speech by saying that the Arab Spring was inevitable. The revolutions proved the failure of dictatorships in monitoring and embracing societal change; therefore the next state will not be like the previous one for sure.
Dr. Moussa added that a revolution is an exceptional circumstance so it requires exceptional measures. For example, the role of youth would be effective along with the experience and expertise of the older generations which should not be undermined. Moreover, there is a new phase where we are shifting from a dictatorship to a democracy. There will be a huge and remarkable shift in constitutions, judicial empowerment as well as human rights.
Dr. Mohieddine Amimour, Former Minister of Culture, People's Democratic Republic of Algeria added that a platform for different parties should be provided to insure that everyone is heard. We should handle revolutions wisely and never suppress them with violence.
On a question regarding the different fates of different states witnessing revolutions and the possibility of establishing institutional states, Dr. Amimour mentioned that one can’t generalize in such situations. His main concern is with Syria, because of its regional location among many other strategic and political specifications.
Dr. Tarek Mitri, University Professor at the American University of Beirut, Republic of Lebanon, highlighted the fact that dictatorships are mainly based on fanaticism and extremism and that they usually create a conflict between national dignity and individual dignity. Dr. Mitri mentioned that to build a state, we should have legal and economic institutions and not only have the government as the only source of power. He also added that accepting diversity is a key factor yet it should not contradict or be at the expense of unity.
Dr. Ali AlKheshaiban, Columnist at AlRiyadh Newspaper, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, noted that Arab elites didn’t offer much to the revolutions that struck the different Arab states. Besides, there is a real need to rebuild institutions since we are at risk of facing a fake democracy. Dr. AlKheshaiban mentioned that an action plan should be arranged in a pragmatic manner, and having a political reform in the real sense is a must after a revolution. This issue also concerns countries that didn’t witness a revolution of its own, but has the same factors of corruption and social injustice.
Dr. AlKheshaiban also showed concern about the transitional phase between writing/ drafting constitutions and that it doesn’t necessarily have to respond to each and every demand coming from the “streets” or “squares” as this could potentially lead to chaos. Hence, the transitional period should be efficiently accelerated to lead to a quick and peaceful transition to democracy.
Dr. Khalil Gebara, Academic and head of the Good Governance Unit- Saad Hariri Office, Lebanon, stated that Arab Spring is a country-specific circumstance, unique to each and every country’s nature. He also pointed out that the mass people played a new role this time, shifting the concept of fear from the people to the ruler.